Design: The apparatus is typically made of glass or sometimes polyethylene. It consists of three vertically stacked chambers, resembling a snowman. The chambers are as follows:
Upper Chamber: This part extends downward as a tube that passes through the middle chamber into the lower chamber.
Middle Chamber: Separated from the lower chamber by a retention plate (often a conical piece of glass with small holes), which allows the passage of liquid and gas. Solid material (such as iron sulfide) is placed into this chamber.
Lower Chamber: The liquid (usually an acid) is poured into the top chamber. Although the acid can flow down through the tube into the bottom chamber, it is prevented from rising there by the pressure of the gas contained above it. A stopcock near the top of the middle chamber allows the gas to leave the apparatus.
Operation:
Initially, the stopcock is opened to allow air to leave the apparatus. The liquid in the bottom chamber rises through the retention plate into the middle chamber and reacts with the solid material. Gas is evolved from this reaction and can be drawn off through the stopcock.
When the stopcock is closed, the pressure of the evolved gas in the middle chamber pushes the acid back down into the bottom chamber, stopping the chemical reaction.
Kipp generators work properly if the solid material is insoluble in the acid, as otherwise, dissolved material would continue to evolve gas even after the level dropped.
Common Uses:
Obtaining gases such as hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbonic acid.
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